Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) – Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

(Removal of Bile Duct Stones, Placement of Plastic or Metal Stents)

What is ERCP?

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a medical procedure that uses a thin, flexible tube equipped with a small camera. The tube is inserted through the mouth, passing through the esophagus, stomach, and into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). A special contrast dye is injected through this tube to enhance the visibility of the bile and pancreatic ducts under X-ray imaging.

Why Do Doctors Perform ERCP?

ERCP is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:
•    Diagnosing Medical Conditions: Such as bile duct stones, narrowing or obstruction of the bile ducts, and tumors in the pancreas or bile ducts.

•    Treatment During the Procedure:

o    Stone Removal: ERCP can be used to remove small or large bile duct stones with specialized tools.
o    Stent Placement: If there is a bile duct narrowing due to a congenital defect, chronic inflammation, or a tumor in the pancreas, a stent can be inserted.
o    Tissue Biopsy: Small tissue samples can be taken for laboratory analysis.
o    Dilation of Narrowed Ducts: Special tools can be used to widen narrowed ducts.

What are the Benefits of ERCP?

•    High Accuracy: Provides a clear and detailed view of the bile ducts and pancreas for precise diagnosis.
•    Simultaneous Diagnosis and Treatment: ERCP allows for diagnosis and treatment in the same session, reducing the need for additional surgical procedures.
•    Less Painful: Compared to traditional surgery, ERCP is a minimally invasive procedure.
•    Short Recovery Time: Patients typically recover quickly after the procedure.

What are the Potential Risks of ERCP?
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Potential Risks of ERCP
Although ERCP is generally a safe procedure, it may involve some risks, such as:
•    Bleeding: Minor bleeding may occur at the insertion site.
•    Infection: Infection may develop at the insertion site.
•    Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas may occur as a result of the procedure.
•    Perforation of the Small Intestine: There is a risk of intestinal perforation.

Before undergoing ERCP, patients should consult their doctor to determine whether this procedure is the most suitable treatment option.